What term describes reductions in unit costs achieved through higher volume of activity?

The term that describes reductions in unit costs achieved through higher volume of activity is "Economies of scale." This concept occurs when a company increases production, leading to a lower cost per unit as fixed costs are spread over a larger number of goods. As production rises, businesses often negotiate better terms with suppliers, streamline operations, or utilize more efficient techniques, all contributing to cost savings.

In contrast, terms like "market saturation" refer to a situation where a market is no longer generating new demand for a product, which does not directly relate to cost reductions from increased activity. "Production efficiency" is about optimizing the production process to reduce waste and costs but doesn’t specifically focus on the relation between overall volume and unit costs. "Supply chain optimization" involves improving the flow of goods and services along the supply chain, which can lead to cost reductions but is not directly synonymous with the concept of economies of scale. Understanding economies of scale is vital for businesses aiming to maximize their profitability as they grow.