What economic term describes a general increase in prices across an economy?

The term that describes a general increase in prices across an economy is inflation. Inflation occurs when there is a sustained increase in the price level of goods and services, leading to a decrease in purchasing power as consumers can buy fewer items with the same amount of money. It is typically measured by indices like the Consumer Price Index (CPI) or the Producer Price Index (PPI).

Inflation can arise from various factors, including increased demand for products, increased costs of production, or extensive money supply in an economy. A moderate level of inflation is often considered normal in a growing economy but high levels can lead to economic instability, affecting purchasing behaviors and saving rates.

Understanding inflation is crucial for consumers, businesses, and policymakers because it impacts economic planning, budgeting, and financial decision-making.