What document is used to calculate the federal taxes withheld from an individual's paycheck?

The correct document for calculating federal taxes withheld from an individual's paycheck is not an allowance. Instead, the most relevant document is a pay stub, which is typically provided with each paycheck. A pay stub details the employee's earnings, as well as the deductions taken out, which include federal taxes.

The W-2 Form is issued annually by an employer and summarizes total earnings and withholdings for the year but is not used for calculating withholdings on a per-paycheck basis. A tax return is filed annually to report total income and the overall tax responsibility but does not serve as the basis for withholding calculations. An allowance refers to the number of exemptions an employee claims on their W-4 form, which can influence the amount of tax withheld, but it is not a document used to calculate the actual withholding amount itself. Therefore, the pay stub is the primary document reflecting the federal taxes withheld from each paycheck.